College of Human Ecology Distribution Requirement Course List
Cultural Analysis (CA-HE)
These courses study human life in particular cultural contexts through interpretive analysis of individual behavior, discourse, and social practice. Topics include belief systems (science, medicine, religion), expressive arts and symbolic behavior (visual arts, performance, poetry, myth, narrative, ritual), identity (nationality, race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality), social groups and institutions (family, market, community), and power and politics (states, colonialism, inequality).
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AMST 2070 | Social Problems in the United States | 3 |
| AMST 3071 | Enduring Global and American Issues | 4 |
| AMST 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| ASRC 4561 | Black Girlhood Studies: Rememory, Representation, and Re-Imagination | 3 |
| COGST 3150 | Language and Power | 3 |
| DEA 2025 | Impactful Graphics: Visual Communication for Social Impact | 3 |
| DEA 4025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| DEA 4800 | Ethical Design: Engine of Positive Change | 3 |
| DEA 6025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| FGSS 4561 | Black Girlhood Studies: Rememory, Representation, and Re-Imagination | 3 |
| FSAD 2190 | Fashion, Aesthetics and Society | 2-3 |
| FSAD 3200 | Global Textile and Apparel Sustainability | 3 |
| FSAD 4025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| FSAD 4682 | Fashion, Politics, and Law in the United States | 3 |
| FSAD 4800 | Ethical Design: Engine of Positive Change | 3 |
| FSAD 6025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| FSAD 6451 | Curating Fashion Exhibitions | 3 |
| GOVT 3071 | Enduring Global and American Issues | 4 |
| HD 2400 | Introduction to Community Psychology | 3 |
| HD 3150 | Language and Power | 3 |
| HD 4420 | Intimate Relationships: Liking, Loving, and Interpersonal Attraction | 3 |
| HD 4550 | The Psychology of Wisdom | 3 |
| HD 4560 | Black Girlhood Studies: Rememory, Representation, and Re-Imagination | 3 |
| HD 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| HD 6110 | Psychology of Emotion | 3 |
| HD 6640 | The Science and Politics of Gender in the Academy | 3 |
| HE 2000 | Social Justice, Thriving, and the Human Experience | 2 |
| HE 2210 | How College Works: Making Sense of Higher Education | 2 |
| HE 2700 | Pathways to Purpose - Civic Leadership in Law, Health, Tech, and Business | 1 |
| ILRGL 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| LING 3150 | Language and Power | 3 |
| NS 2600 | Introduction to Global Health | 3 |
| NS 4250 | Nutrition Communications and Counseling | 3 |
| PSYCH 2400 | Introduction to Community Psychology | 3 |
| PSYCH 3130 | Language and Power | 3 |
| PSYCH 4550 | The Psychology of Wisdom | 3 |
| PSYCH 4560 | Black Girlhood Studies: Rememory, Representation, and Re-Imagination | 3 |
| PSYCH 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| PUBPOL 1350 | U.S. Health Care Markets and Policy | 2 |
| PUBPOL 2050 | Critical Perspectives in Global Health and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2250 | Social Problems in the United States | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2700 | Pathways to Purpose - Civic Leadership in Law, Health, Tech, and Business | 1 |
| PUBPOL 3071 | Enduring Global and American Issues | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3135 | World Food Systems and Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3231 | Comparative Education Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3790 | Community Impact Analysis in Development Policy I | 1 |
| PUBPOL 3791 | Community Impact Analysis in Development Policy II | 2 |
| PUBPOL 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5634 | Corruption, Governance, and Development | 3 |
| SOC 2070 | Social Problems in the United States | 3 |
| SOC 2210 | How College Works: Making Sense of Higher Education | 2 |
| SOC 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| SOC 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
Historical Analysis (HA-HE)
These courses interpret continuities and changes—political, social, economic, diplomatic, religious, intellectual, artistic, scientific—through time. The focus may be on groups of people, dominant or subordinate, a specific country or region, an event, a process, or a time period.
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AMST 3271 | Constitutional Law: An Introduction | 4 |
| AMST 3510 | United We Stand - Divided We Fall: The Rise of Polarization and Social Division - and What it Means | 4 |
| AMST 3808 | Mass Incarceration and Social Inequality in America | 3 |
| DEA 2510 | History of Design Futures | 3 |
| DEA 4025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| DEA 6025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| DEA 6210 | Architectural Robotics | 3 |
| ECON 3830 | Economics of Consumer Protection and the Law | 3 |
| FSAD 2190 | Fashion, Aesthetics and Society | 2-3 |
| FSAD 4025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| FSAD 4440 | Global Fashion Management | 3 |
| FSAD 4682 | Fashion, Politics, and Law in the United States | 3 |
| FSAD 6025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| FSAD 6451 | Curating Fashion Exhibitions | 3 |
| GOVT 3271 | Constitutional Law: An Introduction | 4 |
| GOVT 3512 | United We Stand - Divided We Fall: The Rise of Polarization and Social Division - and What it Means | 4 |
| HD 4550 | The Psychology of Wisdom | 3 |
| HD 6110 | Psychology of Emotion | 3 |
| PSYCH 4550 | The Psychology of Wisdom | 3 |
| PUBPOL 1510 | FWS: America at War in the Modern World | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2050 | Critical Perspectives in Global Health and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3135 | World Food Systems and Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3210 | Catastrophe, Crisis, and Emergencies: Making Policy in the Middle of Disaster | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3270 | Constitutional Law: An Introduction | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3410 | Economics of Consumer Protection and the Law | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3510 | United We Stand - Divided We Fall: The Rise of Polarization and Social Division - and What it Means | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3720 | Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3790 | Community Impact Analysis in Development Policy I | 1 |
| PUBPOL 3791 | Community Impact Analysis in Development Policy II | 2 |
| PUBPOL 3810 | Mass Incarceration and Social Inequality in America | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5112 | Public Administration: A Strategic Planning Perspective for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5118 | Diversity in Leadership: Experience, Perspective and Relatability in Public Affairs | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5612 | Politics and Processes of State and Local Government | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5634 | Corruption, Governance, and Development | 3 |
| SOC 3810 | Mass Incarceration and Social Inequality in America | 3 |
Human Diversity (D-HE)
These courses address several of the college's stated goals for undergraduate education, specifically, the expectation that in the course of earning a degree, students will enhance their abilities to communicate with people of different cultural perspectives; to listen carefully and respectfully to the views of others, especially views with which they disagree; and to employ ethical reasoning in judging ideas, actions, and their implications. These courses explore the challenges of building a diverse society, and/or examine the various processes that marginalize people and produce unequal power relations in terms of race, nationality, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, gender, age, or economic status. For transfer credit to be awarded a petition must be completed.
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AEM 6455 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| AMST 2070 | Social Problems in the United States | 3 |
| AMST 2365 | Race, Racism, and Public Policy | 4 |
| AMST 3808 | Mass Incarceration and Social Inequality in America | 3 |
| AMST 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| ASRC 4561 | Black Girlhood Studies: Rememory, Representation, and Re-Imagination | 3 |
| COGST 1500 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology | 3 |
| COGST 1501 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology - Writing in the Major | 1 |
| COGST 3150 | Language and Power | 3 |
| COGST 3210 | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| DEA 1101 | Visual Literacy and Design Studio | 3.5 |
| DEA 1150 | Design Graphics and Visualization | 3.5 |
| DEA 1500 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology | 3 |
| DEA 1501 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology - Writing in the Major | 1 |
| DEA 2020 | Introduction to Sustainable Design | 3 |
| DEA 2025 | Impactful Graphics: Visual Communication for Social Impact | 3 |
| DEA 2200 | Art and Science | 3 |
| DEA 2201 | Magnifying Small Spaces Studio | 3 |
| DEA 2203 | StudioSHIFT | 3.5 |
| DEA 2700 | Healthy Places: Design, Planning and Public Health | 3 |
| DEA 2730 | Human Centered Design Methods | 3 |
| DEA 2750 | Lighting Design: Light InForming Space | 3 |
| DEA 3030 | Materials for Design and Sustainability | 3 |
| DEA 3050 | Construction Documentation: CAD and BIM | 3 |
| DEA 3055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| DEA 3301 | Design UX with Technology Studio | 3.5 |
| DEA 3306 | Generative Design Studio | 3 |
| DEA 3308 | Positive Design Studio | 3.5 |
| DEA 3530 | Planning and Managing the Workplace: Evidence-Based Design and Organizational Ecology | 3 |
| DEA 4025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| DEA 4050 | Design Portfolio and Communication | 3 |
| DEA 4230 | Restaurant Charrette: Design Without Reservations | 1 |
| DEA 4401 | Adaptive Reuse Studio: Recycling the Built Environment | 3 |
| DEA 4402 | Disruptive Design: Competitions Studio | 4 |
| DEA 4590 | Problem-Seeking through Programming | 3 |
| DEA 4800 | Ethical Design: Engine of Positive Change | 3 |
| DEA 5305 | Health and Healing Studio | 4 |
| DEA 5520 | Virtual Experience of Designed Environments | 3 |
| DEA 5540 | Workplace Strategy Studio | 3.5 |
| DEA 5700 | Designing Age Friendly Environments | 3 |
| DEA 6025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| DEA 6055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| DEA 6100 | Studies in Design Thinking | 3 |
| DEA 6210 | Architectural Robotics | 3 |
| DEA 6406 | Generative Design Studio | 3 |
| DEA 6500 | Problem-Seeking through Programming | 3 |
| ECON 3910 | Health, Poverty, and Inequality: A Global Perspective | 3 |
| FGSS 3260 | Sexuality Law and Policy | 4 |
| FGSS 4561 | Black Girlhood Studies: Rememory, Representation, and Re-Imagination | 3 |
| FSAD 4025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| FSAD 4682 | Fashion, Politics, and Law in the United States | 3 |
| FSAD 4800 | Ethical Design: Engine of Positive Change | 3 |
| FSAD 6025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| FSAD 6451 | Curating Fashion Exhibitions | 3 |
| GDEV 6455 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| HADM 3055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| HADM 6055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| HD 1125 | FWS: Topics in Human Development | 3 |
| HD 2180 | Human Development: Adulthood and Aging | 3 |
| HD 2400 | Introduction to Community Psychology | 3 |
| HD 3150 | Language and Power | 3 |
| HD 3210 | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| HD 3290 | Self-regulation Across the Life Span | 3 |
| HD 4380 | Language and Thought | 3 |
| HD 4420 | Intimate Relationships: Liking, Loving, and Interpersonal Attraction | 3 |
| HD 4540 | Creativity and Its Development | 3 |
| HD 4550 | The Psychology of Wisdom | 3 |
| HD 4560 | Black Girlhood Studies: Rememory, Representation, and Re-Imagination | 3 |
| HD 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| HD 6110 | Psychology of Emotion | 3 |
| HE 2000 | Social Justice, Thriving, and the Human Experience | 2 |
| ILRGL 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| LING 3150 | Language and Power | 3 |
| NS 1600 | Introduction to Public Health | 3 |
| NS 2600 | Introduction to Global Health | 3 |
| NS 4570 | Health, Poverty, and Inequality: A Global Perspective | 3 |
| NS 6455 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| PSYCH 1500 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology | 3 |
| PSYCH 1501 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology - Writing in the Major | 1 |
| PSYCH 2400 | Introduction to Community Psychology | 3 |
| PSYCH 3130 | Language and Power | 3 |
| PSYCH 4382 | Language and Thought | 3 |
| PSYCH 4550 | The Psychology of Wisdom | 3 |
| PSYCH 4560 | Black Girlhood Studies: Rememory, Representation, and Re-Imagination | 3 |
| PSYCH 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2050 | Critical Perspectives in Global Health and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2250 | Social Problems in the United States | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2370 | Race, Racism, and Public Policy | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2880 | Dialogue Across Differences for Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3041 | U.S. Immigration Law and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3050 | Refugee Resettlement Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3135 | World Food Systems and Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3180 | Health Disparities | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3200 | International Human Rights | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3250 | Neighborhoods, Housing, and Urban Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3260 | Sexuality Law and Policy | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3330 | Children's Law and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3650 | Social Care Navigation to Advance Health Equity | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3734 | Disasters, Vulnerability, and Resilience | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3791 | Community Impact Analysis in Development Policy II | 2 |
| PUBPOL 3810 | Mass Incarceration and Social Inequality in America | 3 |
| PUBPOL 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| PUBPOL 4960 | State Policy and Advocacy Clinic I | 4 |
| PUBPOL 4961 | State Policy and Advocacy Clinic II | 4 |
| PUBPOL 5041 | U.S. Immigration Law and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5118 | Diversity in Leadership: Experience, Perspective and Relatability in Public Affairs | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5413 | Strategic Nonprofit Management for Executives | 1.5 |
| SOC 2070 | Social Problems in the United States | 3 |
| SOC 2370 | Race, Racism, and Public Policy | 4 |
| SOC 3180 | Health Disparities | 3 |
| SOC 3250 | Neighborhoods, Housing, and Urban Policy | 3 |
| SOC 3810 | Mass Incarceration and Social Inequality in America | 3 |
| SOC 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| SOC 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| VISST 1101 | Visual Literacy and Design Studio | 3.5 |
Knowledge, Cognition, and Moral Reasoning (KCM-HE)
These courses investigate the bases of human knowledge in its broadest sense, ranging from cognitive faculties shared by humans and animals such as perception, to abstract reasoning, to the ability to form and justify moral judgments. Courses investigating the sources, structure, and limits of cognition may use the methodologies of science, cognitive psychology, linguistics, or philosophy. Courses focusing on moral reasoning explore ways of reflecting on ethical questions that concern the nature of justice, the good life, or human values in general.
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AEM 6455 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| AMST 3808 | Mass Incarceration and Social Inequality in America | 3 |
| AMST 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| COGST 2200 | The Human Brain and Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| COGST 3190 | Memory and the Law | 3 |
| COGST 3210 | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| COGST 4720 | Current Research in Emotion, Cognition, and Brain | 3 |
| DEA 3308 | Positive Design Studio | 3.5 |
| DEA 6210 | Architectural Robotics | 3 |
| ECON 3830 | Economics of Consumer Protection and the Law | 3 |
| FSAD 4682 | Fashion, Politics, and Law in the United States | 3 |
| GDEV 6455 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| HD 2120 | Social Cognition and the Legal System | 3 |
| HD 2150 | Introduction to Human Development: Infancy and Childhood | 3 |
| HD 2180 | Human Development: Adulthood and Aging | 3 |
| HD 2200 | The Human Brain and Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| HD 2620 | Moral Development | 3 |
| HD 3190 | Memory and the Law | 3 |
| HD 3210 | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| HD 3330 | Children and the Law | 3 |
| HD 3440 | The Development of Infants | 3 |
| HD 4235 | Designing Research in Legal and Psychological Science | 3 |
| HD 4380 | Language and Thought | 3 |
| HD 4420 | Intimate Relationships: Liking, Loving, and Interpersonal Attraction | 3 |
| HD 4540 | Creativity and Its Development | 3 |
| HD 4550 | The Psychology of Wisdom | 3 |
| HD 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| HD 4720 | Current Research in Emotion, Cognition, and Brain | 3 |
| HD 4765 | How to Think Like a Scientist | 3 |
| HD 6110 | Psychology of Emotion | 3 |
| HD 6190 | Memory and the Law | 3 |
| HD 6640 | The Science and Politics of Gender in the Academy | 3 |
| HD 6765 | How to Think Like a Scientist | 3 |
| HE 1110 | College Achievement Seminar | 1.5 |
| HE 1112 | Academic Well-Being Seminar | 1.5 |
| ILRGL 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| NS 6455 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| PSYCH 2620 | Moral Development | 3 |
| PSYCH 3190 | Memory and the Law | 3 |
| PSYCH 3440 | The Development of Infants | 3 |
| PSYCH 4382 | Language and Thought | 3 |
| PSYCH 4550 | The Psychology of Wisdom | 3 |
| PSYCH 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2360 | Introduction to U.S. Law and Legal Systems | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3135 | World Food Systems and Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3290 | Cybercrime | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3410 | Economics of Consumer Protection and the Law | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3520 | Economic and Policy Implications of Artificial Intelligence | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3720 | Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3725 | Ethics in Data, Data Science, and AI for Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3730 | Comparative Environmental Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3791 | Community Impact Analysis in Development Policy II | 2 |
| PUBPOL 3810 | Mass Incarceration and Social Inequality in America | 3 |
| PUBPOL 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| PUBPOL 4960 | State Policy and Advocacy Clinic I | 4 |
| PUBPOL 4961 | State Policy and Advocacy Clinic II | 4 |
| PUBPOL 5009 | Career Management for Public Affairs | 1.5 |
| PUBPOL 5019 | Data-Driven Organizations, Policy, and Decision-Making for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5112 | Public Administration: A Strategic Planning Perspective for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5114 | Systems Leadership | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5313 | Managerial Statistics for Public Affairs Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5343 | Program Evaluation for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5383 | Translational Research for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5413 | Strategic Nonprofit Management for Executives | 1.5 |
| PUBPOL 5414 | Project Management | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5423 | Financial Accounting for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5426 | Public Budgeting, Finance and Analysis | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5441 | Effective Writing for Public Policy | 1.5 |
| PUBPOL 5442 | Effective Policy Writing for Public Affairs Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5443 | Systems Thinking for Executives I | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5444 | Systems Thinking for Executives II | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5573 | Corporate Responsibility for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5634 | Corruption, Governance, and Development | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5930 | Writing Professional Reports for Public Affairs | 1.5 |
| PUBPOL 5959 | Systems Thinking, Mapping, and Leadership Practicum II | 1.5 |
| SOC 3810 | Mass Incarceration and Social Inequality in America | 3 |
| SOC 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| SOC 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
Literature, the Arts and Design (LAD-HE)
These courses explore literature, the arts, and design in two different but related ways. Some courses focus on the critical study of artworks and on their history, aesthetics, and theory. These courses develop skills of reading, observing, and hearing and encourage reflection on such experiences; many investigate the interplay among individual achievement, artistic tradition, and historical context. Other courses are devoted to the production and performance of artworks and design (in creative writing, performing arts, media such as film and video, and design of physical settings and apparel). These courses emphasize the interaction among technical mastery, cognitive knowledge, and creative imagination.
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| COGST 1500 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology | 3 |
| COGST 1501 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology - Writing in the Major | 1 |
| DEA 1101 | Visual Literacy and Design Studio | 3.5 |
| DEA 1150 | Design Graphics and Visualization | 3.5 |
| DEA 1500 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology | 3 |
| DEA 1501 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology - Writing in the Major | 1 |
| DEA 2020 | Introduction to Sustainable Design | 3 |
| DEA 2025 | Impactful Graphics: Visual Communication for Social Impact | 3 |
| DEA 2200 | Art and Science | 3 |
| DEA 2201 | Magnifying Small Spaces Studio | 3 |
| DEA 2203 | StudioSHIFT | 3.5 |
| DEA 2700 | Healthy Places: Design, Planning and Public Health | 3 |
| DEA 2730 | Human Centered Design Methods | 3 |
| DEA 2750 | Lighting Design: Light InForming Space | 3 |
| DEA 3030 | Materials for Design and Sustainability | 3 |
| DEA 3050 | Construction Documentation: CAD and BIM | 3 |
| DEA 3055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| DEA 3301 | Design UX with Technology Studio | 3.5 |
| DEA 3306 | Generative Design Studio | 3 |
| DEA 3308 | Positive Design Studio | 3.5 |
| DEA 3530 | Planning and Managing the Workplace: Evidence-Based Design and Organizational Ecology | 3 |
| DEA 4025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| DEA 4050 | Design Portfolio and Communication | 3 |
| DEA 4230 | Restaurant Charrette: Design Without Reservations | 1 |
| DEA 4401 | Adaptive Reuse Studio: Recycling the Built Environment | 3 |
| DEA 4402 | Disruptive Design: Competitions Studio | 4 |
| DEA 4590 | Problem-Seeking through Programming | 3 |
| DEA 5305 | Health and Healing Studio | 4 |
| DEA 5520 | Virtual Experience of Designed Environments | 3 |
| DEA 5540 | Workplace Strategy Studio | 3.5 |
| DEA 5700 | Designing Age Friendly Environments | 3 |
| DEA 6025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| DEA 6055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| DEA 6100 | Studies in Design Thinking | 3 |
| DEA 6210 | Architectural Robotics | 3 |
| DEA 6406 | Generative Design Studio | 3 |
| DEA 6500 | Problem-Seeking through Programming | 3 |
| FSAD 1220 | Fashion Drawing | 3 |
| FSAD 4025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| FSAD 4682 | Fashion, Politics, and Law in the United States | 3 |
| FSAD 6025 | Design for Change: Imagining Decolonial Futures | 3 |
| FSAD 6451 | Curating Fashion Exhibitions | 3 |
| HADM 3055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| HADM 6055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| HD 1125 | FWS: Topics in Human Development | 3 |
| HD 4380 | Language and Thought | 3 |
| PSYCH 1500 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology | 3 |
| PSYCH 1501 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology - Writing in the Major | 1 |
| PSYCH 4382 | Language and Thought | 3 |
| VISST 1101 | Visual Literacy and Design Studio | 3.5 |
Mathematics and Quantitative Reasoning (MQR-HE)
Statistics and Calculus courses that satisfy the Quantitative and Analytical distribution requirements.
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| INFO 3130 | Data and the State: How Governments See People and Places | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2100 | Introduction to Statistics | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2101 | Statistics for Public Policy | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2130 | Data and the State: How Governments See People and Places | 4 |
Physical and Biological Sciences (PBS-HE)
Courses meeting this requirement include those in Introductory Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Physics, Quantitative Literacy, Other Physical and Life Sciences, Mathematics and Quantitative Reasoning, and Physics and Biological Sciences.
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| COGST 2200 | The Human Brain and Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| COGST 3190 | Memory and the Law | 3 |
| COGST 3210 | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| COGST 4265 | Translational Research on Memory and Neuroscience | 3 |
| COGST 4720 | Current Research in Emotion, Cognition, and Brain | 3 |
| FSAD 1350 | Fibers, Fabrics, and Finishes | 3 |
| FSAD 3200 | Global Textile and Apparel Sustainability | 3 |
| FSAD 4390 | Introduction to Color Science: Physics and Chemistry of Color | 3 |
| FSAD 6410 | Research Seminar in Fiber Science | 1 |
| FSAD 6860 | Mechanics of Fibrous Assemblies and their Composites | 3 |
| HD 2200 | The Human Brain and Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| HD 3190 | Memory and the Law | 3 |
| HD 3210 | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| HD 4260 | Translational Research on Memory and Neuroscience | 3 |
| HD 4630 | Introduction to Functional MRI Analysis for Human Neuroimaging | 3 |
| HD 4720 | Current Research in Emotion, Cognition, and Brain | 3 |
| HD 6190 | Memory and the Law | 3 |
| HD 6635 | Introduction to Functional MRI Analysis in Human Neuroimaging | 4 |
| NS 1150 | Nutrition, Health, and Society | 3 |
| NS 4200 | Diet and the Microbiome | 3 |
| NS 4300 | Proteins, Transcripts, and Metabolism: Big Data in Molecular Nutrition | 3 |
| PSYCH 3190 | Memory and the Law | 3 |
Social and Behavioral Analysis (SBA-HE)
These courses examine human life in its social context through the use of social scientific methods, often including hypothesis testing, scientific sampling techniques, and statistical analysis. Topics studied range from the thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and attitudes of individuals to interpersonal relations between individuals (e.g., in friendship, love, conflict) to larger social organizations (e.g., the family, society, religious or educational or civic institutions, the economy, government) to the relationships and conflicts among groups or individuals (e.g., discrimination, inequality, prejudice, stigmas, conflict resolution).
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AEM 4450 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| AEM 4485 | Economics of Food and Malnutrition | 3 |
| AEM 6455 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| AEM 6485 | Economics of Food and Malnutrition | 3 |
| ALS 4998 | Engaged Learning About Policy Making in Washington D.C. | 4 |
| AMST 2070 | Social Problems in the United States | 3 |
| AMST 2365 | Race, Racism, and Public Policy | 4 |
| AMST 3024 | Being Native in the 21st Century: American Indian and Alaska Native Politics, History, and Policy | 4 |
| AMST 3071 | Enduring Global and American Issues | 4 |
| AMST 3092 | Strategic Advocacy: Lobbying and Interest Group Politics in Washington, D.C. | 4 |
| AMST 3145 | Political Journalism | 4 |
| AMST 3271 | Constitutional Law: An Introduction | 4 |
| AMST 3510 | United We Stand - Divided We Fall: The Rise of Polarization and Social Division - and What it Means | 4 |
| AMST 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| AMST 4998 | Engaged Learning About Policy Making in Washington D.C. | 4 |
| CAPS 4998 | Engaged Learning About Policy Making in Washington D.C. | 4 |
| COGST 1500 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology | 3 |
| COGST 1501 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology - Writing in the Major | 1 |
| COGST 2200 | The Human Brain and Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| COGST 3210 | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| COGST 4250 | Translational Research on Decision Making | 3 |
| COGST 4350 | Mind, Self, and Emotion | 3 |
| COGST 4720 | Current Research in Emotion, Cognition, and Brain | 3 |
| COMM 3140 | Political Journalism | 4 |
| DEA 1500 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology | 3 |
| DEA 1501 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology - Writing in the Major | 1 |
| DEA 2700 | Healthy Places: Design, Planning and Public Health | 3 |
| DEA 3055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| DEA 3306 | Generative Design Studio | 3 |
| DEA 4590 | Problem-Seeking through Programming | 3 |
| DEA 4800 | Ethical Design: Engine of Positive Change | 3 |
| DEA 5700 | Designing Age Friendly Environments | 3 |
| DEA 6055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| DEA 6200 | Studies in Human-Environment Relations | 3 |
| DEA 6210 | Architectural Robotics | 3 |
| DEA 6406 | Generative Design Studio | 3 |
| DEA 6500 | Problem-Seeking through Programming | 3 |
| DEA 6560 | Research Methods in Social Sciences | 4 |
| ECON 3250 | Economics of the U.S. Social Safety Net | 3 |
| ECON 3255 | Economics of Crime | 3 |
| ECON 3610 | The Economics of Consumer Policy | 3 |
| ECON 3670 | Behavioral Economics and Public Policy | 3 |
| ECON 3710 | The Economics of Risky Health Behaviors | 4 |
| ECON 3711 | The Economics and Regulation of Risky Health Behaviors | 3 |
| ECON 3720 | The Economics of Health Care Markets | 3 |
| ECON 3760 | Economics of Education | 3 |
| ECON 3830 | Economics of Consumer Protection and the Law | 3 |
| ECON 3850 | Economics and Environmental Policy | 3 |
| ECON 3910 | Health, Poverty, and Inequality: A Global Perspective | 3 |
| ENGL 3941 | Political Journalism | 4 |
| FGSS 3320 | Gender and Psychopathology | 3 |
| FSAD 3200 | Global Textile and Apparel Sustainability | 3 |
| FSAD 4800 | Ethical Design: Engine of Positive Change | 3 |
| FSAD 6451 | Curating Fashion Exhibitions | 3 |
| GDEV 3280 | Fundamentals of Population Health | 3 |
| GDEV 4450 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| GDEV 6455 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| GOVT 2857 | Global Governance and Policy | 3 |
| GOVT 3051 | Being Native in the 21st Century: American Indian and Alaska Native Politics, History, and Policy | 4 |
| GOVT 3071 | Enduring Global and American Issues | 4 |
| GOVT 3092 | Strategic Advocacy: Lobbying and Interest Group Politics in Washington, D.C. | 4 |
| GOVT 3221 | Political Journalism | 4 |
| GOVT 3271 | Constitutional Law: An Introduction | 4 |
| GOVT 3512 | United We Stand - Divided We Fall: The Rise of Polarization and Social Division - and What it Means | 4 |
| GOVT 4998 | Engaged Learning About Policy Making in Washington D.C. | 4 |
| GOVT 6051 | Being Native in the 21st Century: American Indian & Alaska Native Politics, History, and Policy | 4 |
| GOVT 6091 | Strategic Advocacy: Lobbying and Interest Group Politics in Washington, D.C. | 4 |
| GOVT 6619 | Text and Networks in Social Science Research | 3 |
| HADM 3055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| HADM 6055 | Hospitality, Health and Design Industry Immersion Seminar | 1 |
| HD 1130 | Introduction to Human Development | 3 |
| HD 2120 | Social Cognition and the Legal System | 3 |
| HD 2170 | Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood | 3 |
| HD 2180 | Human Development: Adulthood and Aging | 3 |
| HD 2200 | The Human Brain and Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| HD 2510 | Social Gerontology: Aging and the Life Course | 3 |
| HD 2580 | Six Pretty Good Books: Explorations in Social Science | 4 |
| HD 2830 | Research Methods in Human Development | 3 |
| HD 2930 | Introduction to Data Science for Social Scientists | 3 |
| HD 2940 | Data Science for Social Scientists II | 3 |
| HD 3210 | Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience | 3 |
| HD 3290 | Self-regulation Across the Life Span | 3 |
| HD 3300 | Developmental Psychopathology | 3 |
| HD 3320 | Gender and Psychopathology | 3 |
| HD 3440 | The Development of Infants | 3 |
| HD 3490 | The Science of Well-Being | 3 |
| HD 3620 | Human Bonding | 3 |
| HD 4230 | Seminar in Legal and Psychological Science | 3 |
| HD 4235 | Designing Research in Legal and Psychological Science | 3 |
| HD 4240 | Stress, Emotion, and Health | 3 |
| HD 4250 | Translational Research on Decision Making | 3 |
| HD 4310 | Mind, Self, and Emotion | 3 |
| HD 4400 | Applications of AI in the Social Sciences | 3 |
| HD 4420 | Intimate Relationships: Liking, Loving, and Interpersonal Attraction | 3 |
| HD 4530 | Affective Science | 3 |
| HD 4540 | Creativity and Its Development | 3 |
| HD 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| HD 4630 | Introduction to Functional MRI Analysis for Human Neuroimaging | 3 |
| HD 4670 | Advanced Seminar in Mood Disorders | 3 |
| HD 4720 | Current Research in Emotion, Cognition, and Brain | 3 |
| HD 4765 | How to Think Like a Scientist | 3 |
| HD 4790 | Contemporary Perspectives on Human Bonding | 3 |
| HD 6110 | Psychology of Emotion | 3 |
| HD 6610 | Text and Networks in Social Science Research | 3 |
| HD 6635 | Introduction to Functional MRI Analysis in Human Neuroimaging | 4 |
| HD 6640 | The Science and Politics of Gender in the Academy | 3 |
| HD 6765 | How to Think Like a Scientist | 3 |
| HE 1110 | College Achievement Seminar | 1.5 |
| HE 1112 | Academic Well-Being Seminar | 1.5 |
| HE 2210 | How College Works: Making Sense of Higher Education | 2 |
| HE 2700 | Pathways to Purpose - Civic Leadership in Law, Health, Tech, and Business | 1 |
| ILRGL 2580 | Six Pretty Good Books: Explorations in Social Science | 4 |
| ILRGL 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| ILRLE 3550 | Economics of Education | 3 |
| INFO 3130 | Data and the State: How Governments See People and Places | 4 |
| INFO 6610 | Text and Networks in Social Science Research | 3 |
| NS 1600 | Introduction to Public Health | 3 |
| NS 2450 | Social Science Perspectives on Food and Nutrition | 3 |
| NS 4450 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| NS 4480 | Economics of Food and Malnutrition | 3 |
| NS 4570 | Health, Poverty, and Inequality: A Global Perspective | 3 |
| NS 4998 | Engaged Learning About Policy Making in Washington D.C. | 4 |
| NS 6455 | Toward a Sustainable Global Food System: Food Policy for Developing Countries | 3 |
| NS 6480 | Economics of Food and Malnutrition | 3 |
| PSYCH 1131 | Introduction to Human Development | 3 |
| PSYCH 1500 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology | 3 |
| PSYCH 1501 | Introduction to Environmental Psychology - Writing in the Major | 1 |
| PSYCH 2580 | Six Pretty Good Books: Explorations in Social Science | 4 |
| PSYCH 2830 | Research Methods in Human Development | 3 |
| PSYCH 2930 | Introduction to Data Science for Social Scientists | 3 |
| PSYCH 2945 | Data Science for Social Scientists II | 3 |
| PSYCH 3310 | Developmental Psychopathology | 3 |
| PSYCH 3440 | The Development of Infants | 3 |
| PSYCH 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| PSYCH 4670 | Advanced Seminar in Mood Disorders | 3 |
| PUBPOL 1510 | FWS: America at War in the Modern World | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2000 | Intermediate Microeconomics | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2030 | Population and Public Policy | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2040 | Economics of the Public Sector | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2050 | Critical Perspectives in Global Health and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2060 | Introduction to Global Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2070 | Big Data for Big Policy Problems | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2130 | Data and the State: How Governments See People and Places | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2200 | DC Up Close: Policy, Politics, and Power | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2250 | Social Problems in the United States | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2300 | Introduction to Policy Analysis | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2301 | Introduction to Public Policy | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2350 | The U.S. Health Care System | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2370 | Race, Racism, and Public Policy | 4 |
| PUBPOL 2700 | Pathways to Purpose - Civic Leadership in Law, Health, Tech, and Business | 1 |
| PUBPOL 2857 | Global Governance and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2880 | Dialogue Across Differences for Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3015 | Climate Economics and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3020 | Being Native in the 21st Century: American Indian and Alaska Native Politics, History, and Policy | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3071 | Enduring Global and American Issues | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3080 | Economics of the U.S. Social Safety Net | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3090 | Strategic Advocacy: Lobbying and Interest Group Politics in Washington, D.C. | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3100 | Multiple Regression Analysis | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3110 | Pharmaceutical Management and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3130 | Behavioral Economics and Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3135 | World Food Systems and Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3140 | Political Journalism | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3151 | Gender Inequality and Global Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3160 | Labor Markets and Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3180 | Health Disparities | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3190 | Nonprofits and Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3210 | Catastrophe, Crisis, and Emergencies: Making Policy in the Middle of Disaster | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3230 | Public Policy for an Aging Society | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3250 | Neighborhoods, Housing, and Urban Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3270 | Constitutional Law: An Introduction | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3280 | Fundamentals of Population Health | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3290 | Cybercrime | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3330 | Children's Law and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3340 | Corporations, Shareholders, and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3380 | Markets, Policy and Sustainability | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3400 | The Economics of Consumer Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3410 | Economics of Consumer Protection and the Law | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3430 | Legislative Negotiation | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3490 | Housing Equity Lab | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3510 | United We Stand - Divided We Fall: The Rise of Polarization and Social Division - and What it Means | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3520 | Economic and Policy Implications of Artificial Intelligence | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3550 | Economics of Education | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3560 | Market Design for Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3600 | Economics of Crime | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3610 | Law, Economics, and Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3615 | Sustainable Finance: Southeast Asia and Global Perspectives | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3650 | Social Care Navigation to Advance Health Equity | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3670 | Economics and Environmental Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3720 | Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3730 | Comparative Environmental Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3734 | Disasters, Vulnerability, and Resilience | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3780 | Global Comparative Health Care Systems | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3790 | Community Impact Analysis in Development Policy I | 1 |
| PUBPOL 3791 | Community Impact Analysis in Development Policy II | 2 |
| PUBPOL 3870 | Economic Evaluations in Health Care | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3950 | CIW Inside Congress | 1 |
| PUBPOL 4060 | Engaged Learning About Policy Making in Washington D.C. | 4 |
| PUBPOL 4110 | Pollution, Climate Change, and Health | 3 |
| PUBPOL 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| PUBPOL 4280 | The Economics of Risky Health Behaviors | 4 |
| PUBPOL 4281 | The Economics and Regulation of Risky Health Behaviors | 3 |
| PUBPOL 4370 | The Economics of Health Care Markets | 3 |
| PUBPOL 4717 | Energy Transition: Policy, Financial, and Business Interactions | 3 |
| PUBPOL 4858 | Business and Inequality | 3 |
| PUBPOL 4960 | State Policy and Advocacy Clinic I | 4 |
| PUBPOL 4961 | State Policy and Advocacy Clinic II | 4 |
| PUBPOL 5009 | Career Management for Public Affairs | 1.5 |
| PUBPOL 5019 | Data-Driven Organizations, Policy, and Decision-Making for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5020 | Being Native in the 21st Century: American Indian & Alaska Native Politics, History, and Policy | 4 |
| PUBPOL 5090 | Strategic Advocacy: Lobbying and Interest Group Politics in Washington, D.C. | 4 |
| PUBPOL 5112 | Public Administration: A Strategic Planning Perspective for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5114 | Systems Leadership | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5118 | Diversity in Leadership: Experience, Perspective and Relatability in Public Affairs | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5190 | Nonprofits and Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5210 | Intermediate Microeconomics for Public Affairs | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5281 | The Economics and Regulation of Risky Health Behaviors | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5290 | The Economics and Regulation of Risky Health Behaviors | 4 |
| PUBPOL 5313 | Managerial Statistics for Public Affairs Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5343 | Program Evaluation for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5383 | Translational Research for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5413 | Strategic Nonprofit Management for Executives | 1.5 |
| PUBPOL 5414 | Project Management | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5423 | Financial Accounting for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5424 | Public Budgeting and Finance for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5426 | Public Budgeting, Finance and Analysis | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5431 | Fundraising, Grantmaking, and Lobbying | 1.5 |
| PUBPOL 5434 | Fundraising for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5441 | Effective Writing for Public Policy | 1.5 |
| PUBPOL 5442 | Effective Policy Writing for Public Affairs Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5444 | Systems Thinking for Executives II | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5560 | Market Design for Public Policy | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5573 | Corporate Responsibility for Executives | 1 |
| PUBPOL 5580 | The Healthcare Industry from a Consulting Perspective | 0.5 |
| PUBPOL 5612 | Politics and Processes of State and Local Government | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5615 | Sustainable Finance: Southeast Asia and Global Perspectives | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5634 | Corruption, Governance, and Development | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5717 | Energy Transition: Policy, Financial, and Business Interactions | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5858 | Business and Inequality | 3 |
| PUBPOL 5930 | Writing Professional Reports for Public Affairs | 1.5 |
| PUBPOL 5959 | Systems Thinking, Mapping, and Leadership Practicum II | 1.5 |
| PUBPOL 5979 | Environmental Finance and Impact Investing Practicum | 0.5-2.5 |
| SOC 2030 | Population and Public Policy | 4 |
| SOC 2070 | Social Problems in the United States | 3 |
| SOC 2210 | How College Works: Making Sense of Higher Education | 2 |
| SOC 2370 | Race, Racism, and Public Policy | 4 |
| SOC 2510 | Social Gerontology: Aging and the Life Course | 3 |
| SOC 2580 | Six Pretty Good Books: Explorations in Social Science | 4 |
| SOC 3180 | Health Disparities | 3 |
| SOC 3230 | Public Policy for an Aging Society | 3 |
| SOC 3250 | Neighborhoods, Housing, and Urban Policy | 3 |
| SOC 4160 | The Ethnography of Poverty and Inequality | 3 |
| SOC 4580 | The Science of Social Behavior | 3 |
| SOC 4850 | Business and Inequality | 3 |
| SOC 5850 | Business and Inequality | 3 |
| SOC 6610 | Text and Networks in Social Science Research | 3 |